What is the difference between an empirical formula and a molecular formula?

The distinction between an empirical formula and a molecular formula is foundational in chemistry. The molecular formula provides the actual number of each type of atom present in a molecule. For example, the molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6, which indicates that there are 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms in one molecule of glucose.

In contrast, the empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound. For glucose, the empirical formula would be CH2O, which shows the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen, but it does not convey the exact number of each atom in the molecule.

Options that suggest alternative definitions do not correctly align with these concepts. Therefore, the assertion that the molecular formula provides the true number of atoms is accurate and helps clarify the essential difference between these two types of formulas. Understanding this distinction is important for interpreting chemical formulas and understanding the composition of compounds in chemistry.